IN 1993 CONTROL RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE, MADE A NEW CONCEPT IN THE CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AND IT BECAME POSSIBLE TO CONTROL MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF POLYMER OF POLYMERS TO AROUND ONE (NMCRP) [1]. LATTER IN 1997 ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION (ATRP AND CMCRP) WERE REPORTED FOR ACRYLATES, STYRENE AND VINYL ACETATE [2, 3]. TODAY, THE CONCEPT OF CONTROL IS CONCENTRATED ON THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS DIRECTED BY CATALYSTS FOR NUMBER OF SPECIFIC MONOMERS. IN THIS SENSE CONTROL IS IMPLIED TO MACROMOLECULAR MICRO STRUCTURE ITS MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OR ITS DISTRIBUTION AND STEREO ISOMERS. THE CONTROL CONCEPT IN THIS AREA IS THEREFORE RELATED TO THE EXTERNAL CONTROL COMMONLY USED IN SOLUTION, BULK, EMULSION OR SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATIONS. DURING LAST 50 YEARS THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE WORK ON INTRODUCING NEW METHODS OF POLYMERIZATIONS OR NEW METHODS WITH DIFFERENT CONTROLS WERE RELATED TO DIFFUSION, VELOCITY, CONTACT TIMES OR FLOW IN THE REACTION. IN THIS WORK A NEW METHOD OF POLYMERIZATION WITH A DIFFERENT DESIGN HAS BEEN INTRODUCED TO PERMIT THESE EFFECTS ON CONTROLLING THE PROCESS OF POLYMERIZATION. THESE EFFECTS ARE WELL BEYOND THE STIRRING PROCESS IN THE REACTION IN ADDITION THE CONCEPT OF VOLUME, PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE IS NOT THE SAME AS IT IS USED IN THE POLYMERIZATION. IN THIS METHOD THE PROCESS ITSELF PLAYS AN IMPORTANT EFFECT ON THE REACTION AND RULES OVER THE STIRRING BY DIFFUSION, FLOW AND CONTACT TIMES. PLATE NUMBERS, CONTACT TIME, FLOW RESISTANT, FLOW VELOCITY INFLUENCE THE COLUMN STABILITY AND EFFICIENCY. NOW EACH HAS A CONTROLLING EFFECT ON THE POLYMERIZATION IN THE COLUMN.IN THIS SYSTEM SURFACES AREA OF PARTICLES USED IN THE COLUMN MAKES MILLIONS OF MINUTE PLATES TO CREATE A NEW REACTION SITS AND SPACE FOR THE POLYMERIZATION.

HYDROPHILIC SULFONATED MONOMERS WERE GRAFTED ONTO THE BROMINATED SILICA NANOPARTICLE (BSN) VIA ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION (ATRP) OF 0.8 AND 2.0 M 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANE SULFONIC ACID (PAMPS-G-SN) AND 1.2 M STYRENE SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT (PSSA-G-SN) AT 25 OC FOR 24 H. BSN AND COPPER (II) BROMIDE/BIPYRIDINE (BPY) WERE USED AS THE INITIATOR AND CATALYST/LIGAND RESPECTIVELY. MOLAR RATIO OF THE MONOMER: INITIATOR: CATALYST: LIGAND WAS SELECTED FOR ALL REACTIONS TO BE 45: 1: 1: 2. BSN WAS SYNTHESIZED BY COVALENTLY ATTACHING OF THE 2-BROMOPROPIONYL BROMIDE (BPB) ONTO THE SURFACE OF AMINOPROPYL-FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA NANOPARTICLES (ASN) WHERE ASN WAS SYNTHESIZED VIA REACTION BETWEEN THE 3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE (APTES) AND SILICA NANOPARTICLES (SN). ASN, BSN, PAMPS-G-SN AND PSSA-G-SN WERE CHARACTERIZED BY FT-IR AND TGA ANALYSES. IT WAS FOUND FROM FT-IR AND TGA RESULTS THAT BOTH HYDROPHILIC MONOMERS WERE SUCCESSFULLY GRAFTED ONTO THE BSN. GRAFTING AMOUNTS OF THE SULFONATED POLYMERS ONTO THE SN WERE ESTIMATED FROM TGA CURVES TO BE 32% AND 49% FOR PAMPS AND 30% FOR PSSA.

NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR AND MULTIPLE STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN EXPLORED AND DISCUSSED IN A CONVENTIONAL CSTR REACTOR FOR FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION. IT HAS BEEN FOUND THAT SEVERAL PHYSICAL AND OPERATION PARAMETERS HAVE GREAT EFFECTS ON THE STABILITY AND CONTROL OF THE REACTOR OPERATION. IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE CAREFUL KNOWLEDGE OF STABILITY REGION FOR THE FEASIBLE AND RELIABLE OPERATION TO PRODUCE UNIFORM POLYMER PRODUCTS.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND A KINETIC MODEL OF THE BULK THERMAL POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL TOLUENE ARE PRESENTED. THE EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED THROUGH TEMPERATURE RANGE 160-200OC AND FULL CONVERSION RANGE. IN THIS STUDY, CONVERSION/TIME CURVES WERE PROCURED USING STAINLESS STEEL AMPOULE REACTORS AND BY GRAVIMETRICALLY AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT AVERAGE AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION WERE MEASURED BY GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY (GPC). A KINETIC MODEL WITH THIRD ORDER INITIATION GIVES A SATISFACTORY FIT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA. THE MODEL ALLOWS THE DESCRIPTION OF THE CONVERSION, MOLECULAR WEIGHT AVERAGES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION. RESULT SHOWS, THE MODEL CAN BE SIMULATED OF POLYVINYL TOLUENE REACTORS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH CONVERSIONS.

POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) NANOFIBERS IS PREPARED BY ELECTROSPINNING OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE SOLUTIONS. PET NANOFIBERS IS TREATED WITH PLASMA. AND THE NANOFIBER SURFACE BE FUNCTIONALIZED. THE ACTIVE AGENTS IN THE SURFACE OF NANOFIBER ACT AS A POLYMERIZATION INITIATOR IN POLYMERIZATION PROCESS. THEN POLY (N- ISOPROPYL ACRYLAMIDE)(PNIPAAM) WAS GRAFTED ON THE SURFACE OF THE NANOFIBERS BY ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION(ATRP) METHOD. THE SURFACE NANOFIBERS ANALYZAED BY USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM), ATR-FTIR AND AFM.